The bunion is a bone problem that people do not pay much attention to; However, a prolonged situation without professional treatment can lead to significant trauma complications in the other elements of the foot. From COPAC we will tell you what the main causes of hallux valgus are, what treatments exist to correct this deformity and how to prevent its appearance.
The bunion or hallux valgus is a common bone deformity that occurs in the joint of the first metatarsal of the foot, which leads to this part of the big toe coming out of place and creating a painful bump that points to the outside of the foot.
Over the years and as a result of the same aging, the person may begin to notice a more pronounced displacement of the bone that forces the big toe to change its normal direction and lean towards the smaller toes.
Bunions are more painful while walking or walking, since this part of the foot supports most of the body weight, in addition to the impact derived from the dynamic movements of said activity.
It should be noted that small bunions can also occur in the joints of the little toes (fifth toe).
Bunions can appear for multiple causes, although it is more common in women due to its close relationship with the use of high-heeled footwear. Similarly, the percentage of people who suffer from it increases from the age of 60.
The main causes of the appearance of hallux valgus are:
People who bring family inheritances with malformations in the structure or anatomy of the foot are more likely to suffer from bunions.
Having flat feet, cavus feet, or having another muscle imbalance in the foot increases the risk of developing bunions.
It has been shown that the frequent use of narrow-toed shoes or shoes with very high heels causes the appearance of hallux valgus.
Often some malformations of the body’s bone structures can be associated with other health conditions such as obesity or rheumatoid arthritis.
Bunions are recognizable by having the following characteristics:
A bony deformity or bump at the base of the big toe. Extreme rotation of the big toe can cause it to mount above the second toe.
Joint pain that intensifies when pressure is put on this area of the foot.
Swelling and redness around the deformity.
Corns and/or calluses due to the rubbing of footwear.
Restriction to give mobility of the finger.
This type of pathology requires personalized treatment in which the specific needs of each patient are met. If the bunion is beginning to form, it could be recommended to modify everything that has contributed to its appearance, for example: limiting the use of inappropriate footwear (heels, narrow shoes, etc.); as well as stopping activities that cause pain and pressure on the finger to increase. In this sense, the treatment of foot bunions can include:
Orthotic devices, such as shoe inserts, are useful for evenly distributing the pressure the foot receives during movement. With this type of support, the patient’s symptoms progressively improve and the evolution of the bunion can also be delayed.
Over-the-counter pain relievers provide relief for pain caused by foot bunions. Moreover, the application of cortisone injections can soothe pain while also reducing inflammation caused by joint deformity.
Some therapies are very effective for the treatment of bunions and other soft tissues that may be affected by the anatomical changes derived from the deformity.
Beyond the aesthetic appearance, surgery is recommended for those who suffer from constant pain due to a deformity so pronounced that it interrupts their daily activities.
Currently there are many surgical techniques for the treatment of bunions of the foot; however, the specialist will know which is the best option according to the particular conditions of each patient.
During the procedure, the specialist may try:
Remove the inflamed tissue.
Remove the protruding part of the bone and return the big toe to its place.
Realign other bones in the foot to achieve a more normal position and appearance.
Permanently fuse the first metatarsophalangeal joint of the foot.
The only measure we can mention to prevent the appearance of bunions is the use of good footwear. Make sure to choose shoes that fit gently on your foot, these should be comfortable, without too much heel and with a wide toe to avoid narrowing the foot.
